My Current Level Of Responsibility And Contribution Of The...

Please summarize your current level of responsibility and contribution to your organization’s strategy. My current job title is Merchant Services Commercial Support Manager and I am responsible for producing analytical reports measuring sales and portfolio performance of the merchant services division. The reoccurring reports determine the performance of the entire portfolio while identifying new opportunities, helping mitigate risks, and making fact-based decisions. Reports are also used to determine incentive payments to sales consultants. I work on a team that uses data reports to cultivate analytical resources, which evaluate and track the company’s strategic goals. We research ways to implement predictive and prescriptive†¦show more content†¦The EMBA curriculum provides students an opportunity to apply what’s learned in class to real-world business in the local area. Additionally, my 25+ years, performing as a data analyst and working well w ithin a team, will be an asset to the learning environment. I am an ideal UNC EMBA candidate due to the knowledge I have directed numerous multi-million dollar projects, which required flexibility, accountability, and respect for diversity. I will use these traits to enhance the learning experience of fellow students and myself. Additionally, I formalized my five-year career plan with my manager. He is a recent Duke MBA alumnus, so we reviewed the UNC EMBA curriculum and discussed which electives, and program concentrations that would be integral to a successful banking career. Leveraging my military experience, completion of a graduate degree, and obtaining other banking certifications, will prove I am motivated and ready for greater responsibilities/promotions as they become available. The EMBA Classroom is a dynamic environment because students learn from both faculty and fellow students. How will you contribute to this unique learning environment? My contributions to the learning environment will be maturity, flexibility, and teamwork. My maturity and experience will help with cohort projects because I understand that each person in the group has creditable inputs and that it takes patienceShow MoreRelatedCompensation Plan4013 Words   |  17 Pagesin 45 states, including the District of Columbia, Guam, and Puerto Rico. Macy’s Business Strategy and Organizational Culture There are four objectives Macy’s publishes every year; grow sales, continue to increase the company’s profitability levels as a percent of sales, improve return on investment capital, and to maximize total shareholder return. To do this, Macy’s believes their greatest strength lies in the skill, judgment and talent of their people. Their priority of attracting, retainingRead MoreCredit Risk Management of National Bank Limited, Bangladesh8717 Words   |  35 Pagestheoretical and practical tools of analyses. Special stresses are given on theory and practice them under an organization. Therefore, as an internee I have completed my practice session and prepared this required report based on investigations carried out by me in National Bank Limited (NBL). As an internee student I have tried my level best to cover the contemporary credit risk management system of National Bank Limited in this report. 1.2 Objectives: Broad Objective: To analyze the Credit RiskRead MoreDhl Logistics Project Report13426 Words   |  54 Pagesrecord my thanks, gratitude And honor to Mr. L. Alphonse Liguori-Managing Director, Mr. M. Tamijuddin-Director Academics for their valuable advice and For timely help concerning various aspects of the project. I place on record my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my project guide Dr. NIRMALKUMAR.R.T for his kind co-operation and guidance which enable me to Complete this project. I take this opportunity to dedicate my projectRead MoreSonali Bank Report13055 Words   |  53 Pagesdeveloping bank service. Bangladesh Bank issued Banking license on June 5, 2007 under the Bank Company Act.1991. The main focus of the Sonali bank Limited is to provide all types of banking services to the door-steps of the people. The bank participates in various socio-economic activities and development programmed. It also takes part in implementation of various plans and programmed made by the Government. As the largest state owned commercial bank, Sonali Bank Limited has the responsibility to run itRead MoreManagement History Essay10156 Words   |  41 Pagescraft-workers who, using relatively simple, all-purpose tools, produced an entire product, such as a chair or a watch, and sold it directly to individual consumers. Cottage industry also existed. Merchants sent material to homes where the families spun, bleached, or dyed the cloth before returning it to the merchant to sell. The invention of the first workable steam engine by James Watt led to the replacement of muscle power with more efficient machine power. Power generating engines were housed in aRead MoreWills Lifestyle7563 Words   |  31 PagesAcknowledgement I experience great pleasure to convey my profound sense of respect and gratitude to Ms. Rinku Kaicker, design head of wills lifestyle giving us the opportunity to come to this company and get new knowledge and rightful exposure that we students needed. I would like to thank and appreciate the comments and suggestions given to me by Ms. Vatsala Verma for her excellent supervision and encouraging discussions that helped us in having a greater in-look into the project. I wouldRead MoreRetail Banking of Axis Bank15349 Words   |  62 Pages From 3rd June to 24th July ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I express my deep gratitude to AXIS Bank division, Kanpur for giving me this opportunity to do summer internship. I acknowledge the give and take relationship wherein I could work diligently on the project assigned to me and contribute to the organization with my efforts and get essential credit to my profile before I enter the corporate world. I thank my project trainer â€Å"MR. ASHUTOSH VERMA† for giving me the opportunity to work onRead MoreCost Accounting134556 Words   |  539 Pagesnew products, services, or processes. 2. Design: the detailed development and engineering of products, services, or processes. 3. Production: the collection and assembly of resources to produce a product or deliver a service. 4. Marketing: the process that informs potential customers about the attributes of products or services, and leads to the sale of those products or services. 5. Distribution: the process established to deliver products or services to customers. 6. Customer Service: product orRead MoreWal-Mart: Strategic Management11571 Words   |  47 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 Strategic Analysis Overview History.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 External Environm ent.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Internal Environment.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Intellectual Assets.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......9 Strategic Formulation Business Level Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 Corporate Level Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...12 International Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 Digital Business Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 Strategi c Implementation Strategic Control plus Governance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 Organizational Design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19Read MoreWal-Mart: Strategic Management11565 Words   |  47 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 Strategic Analysis Overview History.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 External Environment.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Internal Environment.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Intellectual Assets.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......9 Strategic Formulation Business Level Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 Corporate Level Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...12 International Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 Digital Business Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 Strategic Implementation Strategic Control plus Governance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 Organizational Design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19

Violence Against Women Act of 1994 Essay - 1391 Words

For centuries domestic violence has been perceived as a private matter private of which the government has not been concerned about nor was it considered the government’s business to intervene on behalf of a battered spouse. The unlawful nature of this failure for state or federal government intervention against this crime contributed to the systematic abuse of women in the family. The traditions, customs, and common law found in both British and American societies continued right up until the last decade of the 20th century and left the battered wives and very frequently, her children, at the mercy of the husband. It wasn’t until the 1990’s when the government began to do something to protect mothers, wives, and lovers from intimate†¦show more content†¦State (Miccio, 1999). Through the rule of thumb, any conduct that resulted in black eyes, welts, and split lips constituted no violation of the law. Husbands would not be prosecuted if they beat their wi ves with a stick no thicker than the diameter of their thumb. This rule of thumb, in effect, gave husbands the right to use physical force as a means to control their wives behavior and women were left at the mercy and control of their husbands. In 1870 the â€Å"subtle chastisement† law in the United States ended, but women saw little improvement in the prevalence of domestic violence (Ball, 2002). Throughout the 1800’s in the United States, state laws and cultural practices continued to support a husbands â€Å"right† to discipline his wife. It wasnt until 1895 that women were given the right to divorce their husbands no matter the conditions (Dryden-Edwards MD, 2012). Another stride in unveiling the taboo and private nature of domestic violence was made through the Battered Womens Movement, which was a by-product of the Women’s Liberation Movement from the 1960’s. Greatly supported by the Feminist theory, this movement was frequently credited for unmasking the extent of intimate partner violence and agitating for social change (Meyer-Emerick, 2002). Although early cases of domestic violence ignored the reality of spousal and child abuse, in the past 30 years, legislatures have begun to address these problems by passing legislation. According to Dryden-Edwards MDShow MoreRelatedThe Violence Against Women Act Of 19941843 Words   |  8 Pages The Violence Against Women Act of 1994 John Kingdon’s â€Å"Garbage Can† model argues that the policymaking process consists of three streams problems, politics, and policies that flow independently from one another. When these three streams meet it creates a window of opportunity and public policy is a result. The Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (VAWA) is an example of the Kingdon â€Å"Garbage Can model†. The VAWA was passed as part of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 in recognitionRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Act Of 19942168 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Despite the fact the physical effects of domestic violence could be the similar as for other forms of violent crime, the emotional effects can be much worse. Domestic violence happens when a crime is committed against a victim by someone with whom the victim is or has previously found, in a close relationship or somebody living in the same household as the victim. Domestic violence regulations differ from state to state. These variances range from conceptualization to the requirements underRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Act Of 19943515 Words   |  15 Pages Domestic Violence Health Policy Yuliet Pozo Martinez South University â€Æ' Abstract Despite the fact the physical effects of domestic violence could be the similar as for other forms of violent crime, the emotional effects can be much worse. Domestic violence happens when a crime is committed against a victim by someone with whom the victim is or has previously found, in a close relationship or somebody living in the same household as the victim. Domestic violence regulations differ fromRead MoreGender Based Violence Is An Violation Of Human Rights962 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"UNPF (2005) contends violence against women as an extreme violation of human rights which results in harm and suffering. The United Nations 1993 definition of â€Å"Gender-based Violence is, â€Å"Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivations of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life† (IRIN, 2015) This issue once believed to be tabooRead MoreThe Violence Against Women Act1498 Words   |  6 PagesElimination of Violence Against Women which called religious and cultural customs an excuse for gender-based violence (Goldscheid, 2008). In the early ‘90s, the Surgeon General referred to domestic violence as a threat to the health of Americans and in a similar move, the American Medical Association created a campaign targeted at ending domestic violence (Eisler, 1992). Taking its first formal stance on the issue, the outcry of the people lead the United States to pass the Violence Against Women Act in 1994Read MoreThe Violence Against Women Act914 Words   |  4 Pagesits enactment on September 13, 1994, the foundation for the Violence Against Women Act was being constructed. More than 140 years ago, members of the U.S. government were working to end the injustice of violence against women when, in 1871, Alabama was the first state to make it illegal for a man to beat his wi fe (U.S. Department of Justice, 2010). In 1967, one of the first domestic violence shelters in the country opened its doors in Maine; and from that time until 1994, progress slowly but steadilyRead Moredomestic violence act in Uk1627 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Domestic Violence Act in UK Domestic can be defined in many ways but the simplest meaning is ‘involving the home or family’ whereas violence means an ‘act of aggression as one against a person who resist’. In addition, violence does not relate to relationship problem or issue but is social context of reflection of a man overruling woman. It happens to all walks of people in life despite of age, sex, race, assets and cartography. Notwithstanding, scoop by both male and female endure hurts duringRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Domestic Violence952 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic Violence is known as â€Å"Any abusive, violent, coercive, forceful, or threatening act or word inflicted by one member of a family or household on another can constitute domestic violence† (Clark, A. (2011)). Domestic violence has gone rapid in the homes of many families. Most people believe that whatever happens in a home should stay in the home. That idea is an issue when it comes to domestic violence. Not only is it an issue within the statement and household, it is also a social and distinctRead MoreImpact Of Public Health Of Domestic Violence847 Words   |  4 PagesThe impact of public health of Domestic Violence in United States. The violence against women is a global health problem of epidemic and unpreventable circumstances. Domestic violence doesn’t have a controlled policy because it can extend into the society with devastating effects on its victims and costs that ripple across the economy. The two major reasons that the issue are being addressed by policy are not enforced in actions. First reason is that every 9 seconds in the US a woman is assaultedRead MoreViolence Against Women s Violence872 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Violence against women unfortunately is a very prevalent and critical issue in our society. It is a worldwide but still hidden problem. Freedom from the threat of harassment, battering, and sexual assault is a concept that most of us have a hard time imagining because violence is such a deep part of our cultures and our lives. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), it is estimated that 84,376 forcible rapes were reported to law enforcement in 2012, estimated at 52

Women in 18th Century Literature free essay sample

This paper explores the works of three women who were prominent writers in the late 1700s: Ann Radcliffe, Jane Austen, and Mary Wollstonecraft. This paper discusses works by Ann Radcliffe, Jane Austen, and Mary Wollstonecraft and how each of the three contributed to literature in the late 18th century, when many writers sought to confront the role of women in society. The author examines how Radcliffe, Austen, and Wollstonecraft all approached this subject and the topic of liberation in their own ways, and compares the anonymous letter, Terrorist Novel Writing to Jane Austens Northanger Abbey. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Northanger Abbey, and A Sicilian Romance each offer a different glimpse into the political and social situation of women in the late 18th century. Also, they hold similarities in their beliefs of how improvements could, and can, be made in the lives of women, and all people. The three authors, Mary Wollstonecraft, Jane Austen, and Ann Radcliffe, could feasibly be called martyrs for their generation since they made such fervent attempts to liberate themselves and all women through writing. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in 18th Century Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Living a Green Life at Home and Work an Example by

Living a Green Life at Home and Work by Expert Marvellous | 08 Dec 2016 Introduction Need essay sample on "Living a Green Life at Home and Work" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed As the century move towards the beginning of the modern century, the entire populace is faced with the different complications and problems of our environment and the living planet in general. Citizens are constantly surrounded by many issues in politics and economic instability but issues concerning the environment are less publicized to the public. Social and environmental awareness is the key factor in determining and understanding the situation. Global activism is another great help to disseminate the information like the issue regarding plunder of the oceans because fishermen are catching less and less fish due to enormous overfishing by industrialized pirate fishing corporations (Greenpeace, 2007). Climate campaign is being launched by different environmental organizations because of the increasing global temperature. Looking at a bigger picture is a huge responsibility and committing ones entire life helping in the conservation of the peoples planet is sometimes exhausting but really a great dedication and obligation. John Lennon once said, You either get tired fighting for peace or die, same is true for environmental conservationists who defended the planet from exploitation, they are the ones who were left and some died. In this paper, the author will address the problems of the environment and how can the citizens manage to help in addressing solutions and alternative, practical answers. Results With reference to World Wild Fund for Nature, twenty percent of the worlds species may be eradicated by the year 2025 and the following indicators are getting worst everyday: the global destruction of non-human species, devastation of the forests, coral reefs, species of fish, deterioration of biological habitats, contamination of water and air, the increasing dangers of chemicals, use of chemicals and fertilizers, making of pesticide resistant species, global warming, creation of weapons of mass destruction, and use of unhealthy forms of energy (World Future Fund, 2007). Hazardous wastes from households are becoming one of the causes of global warming, it includes asbestos, acids, alkalis, solvents, oils, oily rags, dross, fluorescent tubes, computer monitors, TV screens, batteries, old cars, and hazardous liquids. In general, the entire populace is facing a rapid destruction and needs a massive campaign and information dissemination. Discussion and Conclusion Since the entire populace is in deep trouble, citizens can start off with small things that could be a great step towards a greener life and positive outcome. Lack of awareness seems to be the first step in addressing to the people and make them understand on what they can do. Citizens could incorporate the awareness drive the need to use and purchase less chemical components on things that the people buy especially those in the household and kitchen and even at work, always remember that people should recycle, reduce and reuse things that still beneficial to everyday life (Garden, 1999).Citizens must perceive to move towards greening lifestyles and greener living to avoid and end the destruction of the living planet. It is true as mentioned earlier that a great amount of species will be terminated if not given emphasis by major organizations and agencies. Sustainable development and wise practice and implementation of environmental policies should be taken seriously (Garden, 1999). From the kind of food that people generate and utilize, wastes of big companies and factories, to the chemicals that are used in the grounds, lawns, and gardens, the air pollutant that are produced, the trash that are consciously and unconsciously created, and conventional lifestyles are the very main reason why the environment is degraded, it is with every inpidual that should start the spark to generate positive result and making a difference in the for the welfare of the entire humanity. The situation should not limit ones capability to help conserve our environment and even simple things that people can do is a great beginning to start a great step forward. References World Future Fund. World Situation. Retrieved August 19, 2007 Garden, Mary. (1999). Living the Green Life -So Why Aren't We All Doing It. Retrieved August 19, 2007. Greenpeace. (2007). The Great Fish Rip-Off [Electronic Version]. Retrieved August 23, 2007 from http://weblog.greenpeace.org/makingwaves/?MM_URL=bloglinkfromrightmenu.

Definition and Examples of Hendiadys in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Hendiadys in Rhetoric Hendiadys (pronounced  hen-DEE-eh-dis)  is a  figure of speech in which two words joined by and express an idea that is more commonly expressed by an adjective and a noun. Adjective: hendiadic. Also known as the figure of twins and pseudo coordination. Critic Frank Kermode described hendiadys as a way of making a single idea strange by splitting an expression in two (​Shakespeares Language, 2000). William Shakespeare used hendiadys almost compulsively in several of his plays (J. Shapiro, 2005). More than 60 instances of the figure appear in Hamlet alone (e.g., a fashion and a toy in blood, the perfume and suppliance of a minute). Pronunciation   hen-DEE-eh-dis Alternate Spellings   endiadis, hendiasys Etymology From the Greek, one by means of  two Examples and Observations [Hendiadys  is the] expression of an idea by two nouns connected by and instead of a noun and its qualifier: by length of time and siege for by a long siege. Puttenham offers an example: Not you, coy dame, your lowers and your looks, for your lowering looks. Peacham, ignoring the derivation of the term, defines it as the substituting, for an adjective, of a substantive with the same meaning: a man of great wisdom for a wise man. This redefinition would make it a kind of anthimeria. (Richard Lanham, A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms. University of California Press, 1991) Finally, my father said, Ill tell you what, Sharla. Just go and visit for a few hours; you dont have to spend the night, all right?†(Elizabeth Berg,  What We Keep. Random House, 1998)Penny waited until she knew her father had left the house before taking Kelly upstairs to give her a good wash and to  try and do  something to tidy her hair before taking her out.(Rosie Harris, Love or Duty. Severn House, 2014) The Hendiadic Formula We frequently join adjectives on the pattern of nice and warm, good and loud, big and fat, sick and tired, long and leggy. Each of these pairs represents a single concept in which the general idea contained in the first adjective is explained or specified or opened up by the second; and, insofar as such expressions may be continually invented, the pattern seems the closest thing to adjectival hendiadys in English. Formulaic phrases such as nice and and good and may be completed by virtually any adjective (or at least any pithy one) in the language. Being formulaic, however, they lack the elements of surprise, or improvisation, and of eccentric coordination that we find in classical hendiadys. (George T. Wright, Hendiadys and Hamlet. PMLA, March 1981) Rhetorical Effect of Hendiadys [H]endiadys has the effect of using language in order to slow down the rhythm of thought and perception, to break things down into more elementary units, and thereby to distort normative habits of thought and put them out of joint. Hendiadys is a kind of rhetorical double take, a disruptive slowing of the action so that, for example, we realize that the hatching of something is not identical with its disclosure (Hamlet 3.1.174), or that the expectation and rose of the fair state (Hamlet 3.1.152), rather than the merely expectant rose, define two distinctive aspects of Hamlets role as heir apparent. (Ned Lukacher, Time-Fetishes: The Secret History of Eternal Recurrence. Duke University Press, 1998) Pseudo-Coordination For present-day English, [Randolph] Quirk et al. [A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, 1985] comment on the similarity between expressions like come and see, go to visit, try to do. They remark that the semantic relation is alternatively realized by coordinated clauses, especially in rather informal usage. Quirk et al. (1985:987-88) return to the topic of hendiadys under the heading of pseudo-coordination, noting that Ill try and come tomorrow is roughly equivalent to Ill try to come tomorrow, and that they sat and talked about the good old times is similar in meaning to they sat talking about the good old times. . . . [H]endiadic verbal expressions cover a spectrum that extends from core examples like go and, come and, come along and, come up and, stand there and, sit around and, try and to a plethora of occasional types such as take a chance and, plunge in and, wake up and, go to work and, roll up ones sleeves and, and very many others that could be characterized as hendiadic in a broader sense. (Paul Hopper, Hendiadys and Auxiliation in English. Complex Sentences in Grammar and Discourse, ed. by Joan L. Bybee and Michael Noonan. John Benjamins, 2002) The Lighter Side of Hendiadys Elwood: What kind of music do you usually have here? Claire: Oh, we got both kinds. We got country and western. (Dan Aykroyd and Sheilah Wells in The Blues Brothers, 1980)

Free Printable Science Worksheets and Coloring Pages

Free Printable Science Worksheets and Coloring Pages Science is usually a high-interest topic for kids. Children love to know how and why things work, and science is part of everything around us, from animals to earthquakes, to our own bodies. Capitalize on your students interest in the hows and whys of the world with these  free printable science worksheets, activity pages, and coloring pages on a variety of science-themed topics. General Science Printables No matter what topic youre studying, its never too early to begin teaching children to document their science lab findings. Teach your child to make a hypothesis (an educated guess) about what he thinks the result of the experiment will be and why. Then, show him how to document the results with these  science report forms.   Even young children can draw or photo journal their scientific explorations.   Learn about the men and women behind todays science knowledge base. Use a basic  biography lesson plan  to learn about any scientist or  try these  Albert Einstein printables  to learn about one of the most famous scientists of all time. Spend some time exploring the tools of a scientists trade with your students. Learn about the  parts of a microscope  and how to care for one. Study some fascinating general science principles that we use every day - often without even realizing it -  such as how  magnets  work,  Newtons Laws of Motion, and what  simple machines  are. Earth and Space Science Printables Our earth, space, planets, and the stars are fascinating to students of all ages. Whether you have an astronomy buff or a budding meteorologist, the study of life on our planet - and in our universe - and how it all connects is a topic worth delving into with your students. Dig into  astronomy and space exploration  or enjoy a set of  solar system printables  with your future astronomer, astronaut, or backyard stargazer. Study the  weather  and natural disasters such as  earthquakes  or  volcanoes. Discuss with your children the types of scientists who study those fields such as meteorologists, seismologists, volcanologists, and geologists. Geologists also study rocks. Spend some time outdoors creating your own rock collection and some time indoors learning about them with free  rocks printables. Animal and Insect Printables Kids love learning more about the creatures they can find in their own back yard - or the local zoo or aquarium. Spring is a wonderful time to study creatures like  birds  and  bees.   Learn about the scientists who make a living studying them such as  lepidopterists and entomologists. Schedule a field trip to chat with a bee keeper or visit a butterfly garden.   Visit a zoo and learn about mammals such as  elephants  (pachyderms) and  reptiles  such as alligators and crocodiles. If your student is really fascinated by the reptiles, print off a  reptiles coloring book  for him to enjoy when you get home.   See if you can arrange to talk to a zookeeper about the different animals in the zoo. Its also fun to make a scavenger hunt of your trip by finding an animal from each continent or one for each letter of the alphabet. You may have a future paleontologist on your hands. In that case, visit a museum of natural history so that she can learn all about dinosaurs. Then, capitalize on that interest with a set of free  dinosaur printables. While youre studying animals and insects, discuss how the seasons -  spring,  summer,  fall, and winter  - affect them and their habitats. Oceanography Oceanography is the study of the oceans and the creatures that live there. Many children - and adults - are fascinated by the ocean because there is still a great deal of mystery surrounding it and its inhabitants. Many  of the animals who call the ocean their home are very unusual-looking. Learn about the mammals and fish that swim in the ocean, such as dolphins, whales, sharks, and seahorses. Study some of the other ocean-dwelling creatures, such as: CrabsJellyfishLobstersManateeOctopusSea TurtleStarfish You may even want to dig deeper and learn more about some of your favorites, like dolphins or seahorses. Take advantage of your childs fascination with science-themed topics by incorporating fun printables and hands-on learning activities into your science studies.   Updated by Kris Bales

Under what circumstances, if any terrorism is justified Essay

Under what circumstances, if any terrorism is justified - Essay Example Augustine who first gave the two principles of entering into a war i.e. the war should be jus in bello (just in action) and jus ad bellum (just in cause). This definition was accepted in the English law and is considered the basis of commonly accepted laws for waging or entering into a war with other nations. Terrorism and any apologist for terrorism will only be able to provide a lukewarm cause for the act (jus ad bellum) but the second requirement of just actions can not be accepted as they often occur. For instance, targeting innocent civilians is not permissible in any way while the first targets of any act of terror are often civilians. It must be noted that there can be no distinction made between terrorism and retaliation for terrorism which can be termed as terrorism itself (Sterba, 2003). For instance, if the US launches a strike against terrorists and kills innocent civilians in the process they can not be termed â€Å"collateral damage†. A spade has to be called a spade and killing innocent civilians defies the dictum of jus in bello. This is precisely the reason why those who try to justify an attack against civilian targets are wrong. An attack on civilians is murderous; it can not be justified by being based on a cause, or by being done against a certain nationality or even against people who have wronged us. The problem of finding a just cause for terrorism has always been the idea that one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter (May, 2003). This notion has to be clarified using the legal definition of terrorism and the legal definition of war. Once that is done, it will be clear that any nation, group or person who targets civilians for political gains is a terrorist and can not justify their acts in any way. In fact, Sterba (2003) says that only two wars in recent history fulfilled both the clauses of just means and just cause, The Pakistan India war which led to the creation of Bangladesh and the Tanzanian

Vulnerability Scanning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Vulnerability Scanning - Essay Example On other hands, most comprehensive systems of vulnerabilities scanning utilize producing and poking systems in order to determine true vulnerabilities. Working of the vulnerability scanners is similar to antivirus software. Vulnerability scanners are only valid until the last updates as they rely upon the known vulnerabilities. Inferior or outdated vulnerabilities scanners provide a little solace against security threats and give false security sense. A perfect vulnerability scanner should meet the security solution purposes and a tool which can proactively identify the security issues and provides a solution before a hacker attains a chance to exploit these issues. Hackers always look for compromising networks and infiltration with the help of vulnerability scanners. Although vulnerability scanning has become a significant tool, but cannot provide the complete security for networks as it helps for detection of poor code and cannot substitute for the practices of a secure coding system. Vulnerability scanning at regular intervals can prove useful for securing the systems from security threats. An organization having the confidential data such as processing of credit card must have a regular vulnerability scanning.

Tthe Supernatural story Essay Example for Free

Tthe Supernatural story Essay Now that Scrooge has seen those children that are poor and need help he can see how much he could help. It is a shock to him to hear those words and to really see where the money could have donated would have helped. Scrooge is then left alone by the spirit of Christmas present. The bell strokes twelve and the Spirit of Christmas yet to come enters. This spirit is the one that looks the most frightening. This ghost looks like the Grim Reaper without his sickle. Scrooge is scared of this spirit the most. His face is never seen and it never speaks. It was shrouded in a deep black garment, which concealed its head, its face, its form and left nothing of it visible save one outstretched hand. This spirit takes Scrooge round London in the future on Christmas day. They first see some business men that Scrooge knows. They are talking about the death of Old Scratch the business men talk of him as though he was quite rich: What has he done with his money? asked a red faced gentleman with a pendulous excrescence on the end of his nose, that shook like the gills of a turkey cock Left it to the company perhaps. He hasnt left it to me thats all I know its likely to be a cheap funeral. I dont mind going if lunch is provided But I must be fed if I make one. Scrooge is then taken to the pawn brokers shop where he sees four people in the shop. Three of them have brought things with them to pay off their debt. These people have taken these things from Old Scratch and couldnt care less that they were his belongings. The first person was a man who did not have much but he did have a seal or two, a pencil case, a brooch and some sleeve buttons. The next person was a woman called Mrs. Dilber. She had some sheets and towels, some teaspoons, sugar tongues and some boots but not much. The third and final person was the laundress who was obviously a ruthless woman. She had taken the bed curtains of the dead person and even the very shirt he was wearing at the time she was there. She had also taken his blankets. These people remarked that if they hadnt have taken his things someone else would have done because he had no real family and he did not need them any longer. This is Dickenss way of showing that poor people will do anything to stay out of the workhouses and prisons. These people will do anything to stop there families and there lives been as badly affected as Dickenss was. This is almost an autobiographical part of this book because like these people Dickenss family would have done and did do anything they could to stay out of Debters prison and the workhouses. Scrooge asked the spirit to take him to a place where there are some people that are affected by this death and show some emotion. The spirit takes him to see a young couple who are in debt and are both happy and sad that he has died. They are happy because on the one hand their debt could now be erased due to his death and on the other hand the debt could have been passed on to someone else. Scrooge is taken to see the dead man but darent look at his face in case it is Scrooge. This also upsets Scrooge. The spirit then takes him to the Cratchitt house. The family are upset coping with a death but not the death of Old Scratch, Tiny Tim has died. The children take Tiny Tims death better than his parents. Mrs. Cratchitt is very upset and is crying when Scrooge sees her. The colour hurts my eyes, she said. The colour? Ah poor Tiny Tim! Theyre better now, said Cratchitts wife. It makes them weak by candlelight; and I wouldnt want to show weak eyes to your father when he comes home, for the world. Bob walks slower without Tiny Tim on his shoulders and he misses Tim the most. I have known him walk with Tiny Tim upon his shoulder, very fast indeed. But he was very light to carry. We know Tim is dead because of the past tense verbs used in these sentences. Tiny Tim is still in his bed and Bob who misses him the most often goes to see him. He left the room, and went upstairs into the room above, which was lighted cheerfully and hung with Christmas. There was a chair set close behind the child, and there were signs of someone having been there lately. Poor Bob sat down if and when he had thought a little and composed himself, he kissed the little face. This upsets Scrooge who then listens to them talk of Bob meeting his nephew Fred earlier on and saying that if they needed any help he would help them. Scrooge is then taken away by the spirit. Scrooge questions the spirit and asks him if these shadows can be changed. The spirit, as ever, does not reply. Scrooge is taken to a cemetery and is shown a grave stone that has his name on it Ebenezer Scrooge. Scrooge clings to the spirit and starts begging. The spirit, all of a sudden, turns into one of Scrooges bed posts. The final stave sums up the story. Scrooge asks a boy in the street what the day is to which scrooge is told that it is Christmas. He tells the boy to go and buy the biggest Turkey from the grocers and then sends it to Bob Cratchitts house. Scrooge takes up his invitation and goes for Christmas dinner at his nephews house. The next day Bob is late to work. Scrooge plays with Bob and gets angry but then tells him that he is getting a raise. Bob does not know how to react but then sees that Scrooge is serious and he is happy. The men who were asking for money for the poor house are given enough money for this year and back payments as well by Scrooge. And . of course, Tiny Tim lives. A Christmas Carol is a social problem novel wrapped up in the supernatural style. Of course it works very well as a supernatural story as it has all the criteria needed for one. Dickens has written this book very well and gets the message across that the image of the poor is completely wrong. The books true moral is a hidden one that is picked up sub consciously by the reader. You may think that the moral of this story is that if you share your love and fortune you will be happier than if you keep them locked away for no one to see. The true moral of this story is that the poor need help by those that can afford to help. It does not matter whether your next door neighbour thinks that it is their own fault that they are poor. You should always help. Although not as autobiographical as his other novels this one still mirrors some part of his life. This novel is not the only one of Dickenss that has a social view wrapped up into a different genre but it is one of his most memorable novels. Because of this novel you hear people calling their family and friends Scrooges because they try to save their money up rather than spending it. The word Scrooge is even in the dictionary. In the Oxford English dictionary the word Scrooge is defined as A mean or miserly person This obviously means that A Christmas Carol is a very memorable piece and that the character of Scrooge is quite a significant one. I do feel, however, that A Christmas Carol is not a great Social Problem novel. A Christmas Carol does have the elements of social problem novels but not as strongly as others. In conclusion I do agree that Dickens does use A Christmas Carol as a vehicle for his own social views. Many other people would have written a similar novel but not included the severe poverty of the Cratchitt family, for instance. I believe that A Christmas Carol fits into the supernatural genre completely. This is because it has all of the classic ingredients of supernatural tales. A Christmas Carol has a setting, which is the big dark building in London that Scrooge is alone in all through the dead of night and his past, present and future. Atmosphere, the atmosphere is built up by the entry of the spirits. And a plot, the plot of A Christmas Carol is about Scrooge changing from a man who is clearly immoral to a humane person. This happens because of a visit from the three spirits. A Christmas Carol also has the main types of Supernatural characters. These are something from the paranormal world, in this case Jacob Marley, The spirit of Christmas past, present and Christmas future. Also there needs to be a person, usually the protagonist, who does not believe in the paranormal. In A Christmas Carol not only does the protagonist, Scrooge, not believe in the paranormal but he does not believe in anything but being rich. This is why he is visited by the paranormal world. The language that Dickens has used seems to be the language of the period although some language from this particular genre can also be found. Many of the sentences in the book have a feel for the supernatural and of his own views, especially when talking about the poor: The spirit smiled, and stopped to bless Bob Cratchitts dwelling with a sprinkling from his torch. Think of that! Bob had but fifteen Bob a-week himself; he pocketed on Saturdays but fifteen copies of his Christian name; and yet the Ghost of Christmas Present blessed his four-roomed house! That sentence has mainly the language of the period but it also has a little bit of supernatural language. This just goes to show Dickens views once again. He is writing as though it is shocking for some one to bless a poor persons little four-roomed house. Therefore A Christmas Carol is a perfect supernatural story and acts as a vehicle for Dickens views, but rather than it being a large vehicle of his views, like a social problem novel, it is a small vehicle which only has room for a small amount of his social views whereas other Dickens novels such as Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby and Hard Times fit into the social problem genre better than A Christmas Carol does. Having said that A Christmas Carol still gets the message across about the Victorian peoples anti-social and idiotic views about the poor and how they need to be changed. A Christmas Carol also gets the message across to a wider audience which means that more people realise that their views about the poor are wrong and that it really isnt their own fault if they are poor. This is where A Christmas Carol really becomes a vehicle for Dickens social views because it transports the views to people that wouldnt normally read a social problem novel.

Out the Window :: Creative Writing Examples

Out the Window Albert watched through the window of his fourth floor apartment as she unloaded the groceries from the back of her Oldsmobile. He sighed, and walked away from the window to water the plant he had named after her. If he hurried, he could make his way down to the mailbox while she was on her way into the building, as he thought about doing every Wednesday when she did her grocery shopping, but the thought of speaking to her made him nauseous and his knees quivered uncontrollably. Tonight was going to be the night, he told himself. He was going to ask her to dinner. He would just walk up the stairs and ring her doorbell, and bring her daisies. Just before eight o’clock, because he knew she would be home. She was always home for the latest episode of Murder, She Wrote, as he knew because he could hear the theme song blaring through his paper-thin ceiling, every Wednesday at eight o’clock. He ironed his khakis in an attempt to look just perfect for the occasion, and ran a comb through the non-existing hair on his head. He could hear her walking up the stairs, and Albert imagined her popping popcorn for her favorite television show, and washing up from a long day at the coffee shop. He had never actually been inside the coffee shop, but instead watched her work from outside the large window. He watched all the other customers inside – construction workers on lunch breaks, businessmen sitting alone with the New York Times, and the ladies who play Bridge and flaunt their new manicures – all sipping cappuccinos that she had poured, and devouring French Toast that she had gracefully carried to the table. Tonight was his chance to speak to her like the men who drink her coffee, only this would be different. After all, he had even picked her daisies. He trembled just thinking about it, and thought diligently about how he should introduce himself. He walked into his bedroom to search through his closet for the perfect shirt to wear when eight o’clock approached. As the sun begin to set, Albert could hear Frank Sinatra playing from her apartment above and attempted to calm his nerves by staring out the window as the stars appeared in the sky.

Constitution Rights Essay

â€Å"In the United States, due process refers to a set of established legal principles, derived from the Constitution, that seek to protect the rights of citizens. † Inga Johannsen was put in a situation in which she was discriminated invidiously. Citizens of the United States were treated unequally, ending in a very unfair result for Johannsen. The study that was found in Utopia was said to be too new to be fully evaluated, meaning, Inga should not have been fired until at least further evidence of this study was said to be accurate, if anything. If the situation was different, for example, Inga had just been hired by the school district; the results may not have been such discrimination towards her personally. However, being said that she has been working for four years and 364 days, the scenario is 100% unfair and self-discriminating. The time Inga has been with this district is a proven fact that she is indeed a very well teacher for second graders, or she wouldn’t still be working. I believe that to fire someone who’s been so dedicated to their job and has offered the school district itself so much of their time over a hair color is simply wrong. This is a new study that was just found through the think tank and should only be in affect for those whom are trying to be placed as a teacher in the future. Inga wasn’t given the chance to see if this particular study was found to be accurate, which could have resulted in her changing her hair color instantly. The due process isn’t providing Inga with any fair procedures, which is entirely why it is going against itself in this situation. The second she said she wouldn’t be changing her hair color, the only solution the school took was to fire her. Something could have been easily worked out for her considering her experience and history. Inga was an individual whom was unmistakably acted against on as an individual. In my point of view she has been neglected her of â€Å"life, liberty or property. † The government has every right to forbid Billy Barroner’s advertisement for his bar. Yes, he is promoting alcohol to underage students, however; Barroner is also going against legal or moral ownership rights. This rights were failed to be mentioned in the scenario but could have been brought up by the government if Billy tried to argue the case. Underage drinking is a serious manner in many colleges. Binge drinking can lead to serious health issues and in some cases, future alcoholism. To promote this on a campus isn’t morally correct and is going against the drinking age law. Other actions could have been put into affect for Billy’s business. One action Billy could have taken would have been to promote his business elsewhere, which would have resulted in almost the same traffic flow. He could have attempted to advertise his special in town, where it would be targeted towards people off age, but college students would still be able to see as well. It would have been beneficial for him due to the fact that students don’t stay on campus, they do go into town as well. Some may argue that the government went against his rights, considering it’s a free country and we are granted the freedom of speech; however there are laws and rights that Billy didn’t obey. The government in this situation was very fair and reasonable; Billy just took the action without thinking of the consequences and the drinking age law.

Routing Protocol

1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 What  is Computer Network? The group  of  computers and devices linked by communication channels allowing users to share information, data, software and hardware with further users is meant to be computer network. Network protocols bound hardware as well as software components of network. Two or more  computers are said  to be  in  a network if and only if they are connected  mutually  and  are  able  to commune. Computers are connected to a network by the use of all  the ports i. e. , parallel ports, modem ports, Ethernet ports, serial ports, USB ports  , fire wire ports and many more in one or more way. But Ethernet port is the most broadly used ports  for networking. Hosts, end stations or workstations are referred while talking  about networks. Anything  attached  to  the network  including hubs, bridges, switches, routers,  access points, firewalls, workstations, servers, mainframes, printers, scanners, copiers, fax machines  and more are included under Host or end stations . Computers are connected in a network for sharing of software and hardware resources, information and data as well as smooth the progress of communication. 1. 2 TCP/IP Layered  architecture Fig: TCP/IP Layered  architecture The following  are  the layers  of  the TCP/IP  architecture: Application Layer: In the  application layer Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) uses protocol  for network communication. Application layer protocols  are most  frequently  linked with client-server  applications. Transport Layer: End-to-end message transfer capability, flow control, error control and fragmentation etc are provided  by the transport layer. The transport layer ensures source to destination delivery of packets safely and reliably. The service through which applications are connected  together via  the use  of ports is provided by transport layer. Network Layer: Packets are logically transmitted over  the entire network in the OSI’s Network layer. Hosts addressing by assigning  them  an IP  address  and packet routing among multiple networks are handled in this layer. This layer is concerned with routing data; end to end message delivery etc. Interface Layer: The data exchange between  the host  and  the network are monitored by the  interface layer. The protocols for  physical transmission  of data is defined by Interface Layer . 1. 3  Autonomous System IP networks  and routers collection under  the control  of one entity representing a common routing policy is called an  Autonomous System. Each  AS  have a unique  AS number  for use  in routing. Each network is uniquely identified on  the  internet by ASN. IANA (Internet  assigned Numbers  authority) assign AS numbers  and supply  to Regional  internet Registries (RIRs)  in blocks. Autonomous System can be divided  into three categories: Multihomed  Autonomous System:   Connections  to more than one  AS is maintained by a Multihomed  AS. Stub  autonomous System:   Connection  to only one other  AS is Stub  autonomous System. Transit  autonomous System:  Connections through itself  to separate networks are provided by Transit  autonomous System. 1. 4 Routing The method  of selecting paths  in  a network via which  to send data is meant to be routing. The process  of finding  a pathway from  a sender  to  a desired destination is also said to be routing. The telephone network,  the  internet  and transport networks, etc perform routing. Network Layer  of either TCP/IP layered model or  the OSI (Open System  interconnect) Reference model mainly carry out routing. The logically  addressed packets are passed from  their source  to destination via  intermediary nodes i. e. orwarding is directed by routing. Routing tasks are performed by routers. Routing and packet forwarding is performed by ordinary  computers available with multiple network cards in a limited manner. Forwarding is directed by the routing process on  the basis  of routing tables where routing record to different network destinations are maintained. In order to have efficient routing, construction of routing table held  in  the routers' memory is most necessary thing. Only one network path are frequently used by routing  algorithms   at  a time, but  the use  of multiple  alternative paths is made possible by multi-path routing techniques. Following are the types  of routing delivery semantics: Unicast: A message is delivered to  a single specified node by router. Fig: Unicasting Broadcast:   A message is delivered  to  all nodes  in  the network by router. Fig: Broadcasting Multicast:   A message is delivered  to assembly  of nodes that have expressed  interest  in getting  the message by router. Fig: Multicasting Anycast: A message is delivered  to  any one out  of  a set  of nodes, typically  the one next  to  the source. Fig:  anycasting 2. TYPES  OF ROUTING Following are the types  of Routing mechanisms. They  are: Static Routing Dynamic Routing 2. Static Routing: The process  by which routes can be manually entered into the routing table with the help of a configuration file which loads automatically as soon as router starts is called static routing. Network  administrator, who configures the routes, can enter these routes as an option. Thus ‘static' rou tes mean the routes that cannot be changed (except  a person changes  them)   after their configuration. The simplest  type  of routing is static routing. In case of change of routing information often or configuration on a huge number of routing devices (router) it doesn’t work fine as it is a manual process. The outages or down connections are not handled properly by static routing because  manually configured route must be reconfigured physically in order  to fix or renovate  any lost connectivity. 2. 2 Dynamic Routing: Network destinations are discovered dynamically  by means of software  applications called Dynamic routing protocols. A routing table is created and managed by router  in Dynamic Routing. Firstly, a router will ‘learn' routes  to  the directly connected entire networks. It will  then learn routes from other routers using the same routing protocol. One or more best routes are selected from the list of routes for each and every network destination by router. ‘Best route'  information are distributed  to other routers running  the same routing protocol by Dynamic protocols, distributing  the  information on what networks it subsist  and can be reached. This provide dynamic routing protocols  the  capability  to  get used to logical network  topology changes, equipment failures or network outages ‘on  the fly'. 2. 3 Types  of Dynamic Routing Distance-Vector Routing Paths are calculated using Bellman Ford Algorithm by  a distance-vector routing protocol. RIPv1  and 2  and IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) are examples  of distance-vector routing protocols. Earlier, distance vector protocols such as RIPv1 show classful behavior but newer distance vector protocols such  as RIPv2  and Enhanced  interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) show signs of classless behavior. Distance-vector routing protocols †¢ Easy  and competent  in small networks †¢ Deprived convergence properties †¢ Facilitate in  the growth  of more complex but more scalable link-state routing protocols  for use  in large networks. Periodic copies  of  a routing table are passed from router  to router by distance vector routing  algorithms. †¢ Logical broadcast is the most commonly used  addressing scheme. Periodic updates are sent by routers running  a distance vector routing protocol even if  there  are no changes  in  the network. †¢ Complete routing table is included under  the periodic rou ting update in a pure distance vector environment. †¢ All known routes can be verified and changes can be made  by getting  a neighbor’s complete routing table based on simplified  information also called as â€Å"routing by rumor†. Fig: Distance Vector Routing Periodic routing updates are received from router A to router B in  the figure. Distance vector metric (such  as hop count) are added by Router B to each route learned from router A,  rising  the distance vector. Its own routing tables  are passed to its neighbor, router C. This process occurs  between directly connected neighbor routers in  all directions. The chief purpose  is  to decide  the top route  to  contain  in  the table when the routing table is updated by  a routing protocol  algorithm. Different routing metric is used to determine  the best route by each distance vector routing protocol. Metric value  is generated for each path through network by the  algorithm. Usually, the path is better if metric is smaller. Single characteristic  of  a path helps in calculation of metrics and combination of several path characteristics helps in calculation of more complex metrics. The most commonly used  metrics used by distance vector routing protocols are: Hop Count: Packet’s number  of passages throughout  the output port  of one router Bandwidth: Link’s data capacity Delay: Time necessary  to shift  a packet from starting place  to destination. Load: work load on  router or link. Reliability: each network link  bit error rate Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU):  the utmost message extent  in octets satisfactory  to  all links on  the path. Link-State Routing Packet-switched networks use link-state routing protocol  for computer communications. OSPF  and  IS-IS are its examples. A  topological database is built by the help of link-state routing that describes extra  precise  inter-network routes. Large networks use link state routing protocols and now used by most of the organization and ISP. Router performs the link-state protocol in  the network. A map  of  the connectivity  of  the network is constructed by every node in the form of graph showing node connection to other node is the basic concept  of link-state routing. The best next hop is calculated by each node  independently for every possible destination  in  the network. The routing table for the node is formed by  the collection  of best next hops. Fig: Link-State Routing To find out  the shortest path from itself  to every other node  in  the network an  algorithm is run by each node  independently over  the map. OSPF, EIGRP and Novell's NLSP (NetWare Link State Protocol) are the examples of link state routing protocol. IPX is only supported by Novell's NLSP. A partial map  of  the network is maintained by each router in this type  of routing protocol. Link state  advertisement (LSA)  is flooded throughout  the network when  a network link changes state (up  to down, or vice versa). The changes are noted and routes are re-computed by all  the routers  accordingly. Greater flexibility  and sophistication are provided by Link State Routing protocols than  the Distance Vector routing protocols. Overall broadcast traffic is reduced  and better decisions are made  about routing by taking characteristics such  as bandwidth, delay, reliability,  and load  into consideration,  instead  of taking  their decisions only on hop count. 3. ROUTING  ALGORITHMS 3. 1 Bellman-Ford  Algorithm: †¢ Also called as Label Correcting  algorithm †¢ Used for negative edge weight †¢ Same as Dijkstra's  algorithm †¢ In order to maintain distance tables, this algorithm is used by router †¢ Exchanging  information with  the neighboring nodes help to update information in the distance table †¢ All nodes  in the network is represented by the number  of data  in  the table The directly  attached neighbors are represented by the columns  of table and all destinations  in  the network are represented by the row. †¢ The number  of hops, latency,  the number  of outgoing packets, etc. are measurements in this algorithm. 3. 2 Dijkstra’s  Algorithm: †¢ Edsger Dijkstra  conceived Dijkstra's  algorithm †¢ Mostly used for routing †¢ Is a graph search algorithm †¢ The single-source shortest path problem  for  a graph is solved by this algorithm with non negative edge path costs †¢ The shortest path tree is produced as a output †¢ Helps in finding shortest route from one router to other A shortest-path spanning tree having route to all possible destination  is built by this algorithm for router †¢ The router using  the  algorithm  is  the source  of its shortest-path spanning tree 4. ROUTING PROTOCOLS Routing protocol describe the way of communication between routers which helps in the selection of routes between any two nodes on a network. Usually, knowledge of immediate neighbors is known by each router. This  information is shared by  a routing protocol to have routers the knowledge  of  the network  topology. Most commonly used Rout ing protocols are as follows: 4. RIP (Routing  information Protocol) †¢ dynamic  inter-network routing protocol †¢ used in private network †¢ routes are automatically discovered †¢ routing tables are built †¢ a Distance-Vector routing protocol †¢ uses Bellman-Ford  algorithm †¢ 15 hops are  allowed with RIP †¢ 180 sec is the hold down time †¢ Full updates are transmitted every 30 sec by each RIP router †¢ Works at network layer †¢ Prevent routing loops †¢ Hop limit †¢ incorrect routing  information are prevented from being propagated †¢ easy configuration †¢ no parameter required Two versions  of RIP are as follows: RIPv1: †¢ classful routing is used subnet information is not carried by periodic routing updates †¢ no support for VLSM (variable length subnet masks) †¢ Same network class have different sized subnet by the use of RIPv1 †¢ No router authentication †¢ Broadcast based and 15 is the maximum hop count A RIPv1 packet  format  is shown below: [pic]Fig: RIP packet  format Command:  determine whether  the packet  is  a request or  a response. A router send  all or part  of its routing table is asked by  the request. Reply  to  a request or regular routing update means the response. Routing table entries are contained in responses. Version number: RIP version used is specified. Potentially  incompatible versions can be signaled by this field. Zero: RFC 1058 RIP doesn’t use this field; it was  added to have backward compatibility provided to pre-standard varieties  of RIP. Address family identifier (AFI):   The  address family used is specified. Address-family identifier is contained in  each entry  to  specify  the category  of  address being particularized. The  AFI  for IP  is 2. Address:   The IP  address is particularized  for  the entry. Metric:  The number of inter-network hops traversed  in  the trip  to  the destination is indicated. 1  and 15  for  an applicable route, or 16  for  an unapproachable route. RIPv2: Developed  in 1994 †¢ Classless  inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is supported †¢ Subnet  information can be carried †¢ Addition of MD5  authentication and Rudimentary plain text  authentication for the security of routing updates. †¢ Routing updates   are multicast to 224. 0. 0. 9 †¢ 15 is the maximum hop count A RIPv2 packet  format is shown below: [pic] Fig: RIPv2 packet  format Command:  determine whether  the packet  is  a request or  a response. A router send  all or part  of its routing table is asked by  the request. Reply  to  a request or regular routing update means the response. Routing table entries are contained in responses. Version number: RIP version used is specified. Unused: Zero is the value set. Address-family identifier (AFI):  The  address family used is specified. Authentication  information is contained in the remainder of the entry if  the  AFI  for  the initial entry  is 0xFFFF in  the message. At present,  simple password is the only  authentication type. Route tag: The methodology is provided  for distinguishing between  internal routes (learned by RIP)  and external routes (learned from other protocols). IP  address: IP  address is particularized  for  the entry. Subnet mask:  The subnet mask is contained  for  the entry. No subnet mask has been particularized  for  the entry if this field  is zero. Next hop: The IP  address  of  the next hop is indicated  to which packets  for  the entry should be  forwarded. Metric:  The number of inter-network hops traversed  in  the trip  to  the destination is indicated. 1  and 15  for  an applicable route, or 16  for  an unapproachable route. 4. 2 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) †¢ A Link-State protocol †¢ used  for routing between routers belonging  to  a single  autonomous system †¢ link-state technology is used †¢   information  about  the direct connections  and links is communicated between the routers Identical database is maintained by each OSPF router for the description of   the  autonomous System’s  topology †¢ Calculation of a routing table by the construction of a shortest- path tree from this database. †¢ Routes are quickly recalculated in the face of topological changes †¢ equal-cost multi-path are supported †¢ Authentication of all OSPF routing protocol exchanges †¢ Designed for TCP/IP environment †¢ routing updates authentication †¢ IP multicast are utilized in sending/receiving  the updates †¢ routes IP packets based exclusively on  the target IP  address originate  in  the IP packet header Grouping of sets of networks †¢ IP subnets are flexibly configured †¢ Destination  and mask is available to the route distributed by OSPF The following figure shows  the packet  format used by OSPF: [pic]Fig: OSPF packet  format Version number:  the OSPF version used is specified. Type:  the OSPF packet type is identified  as one  of  the following: Hello: neighbor relationships are established and maintained. Database description:  the contents  of  the  topological database are described. Link-state request: pieces  of  the  topological database are request ed from neighbor routers. Link-state update:  a link-state request packet is responded. Link-state  acknowledgment:   link-state update packets are acknowledged. Packet length:  the packet length,  the OSPF header is specified. Router ID:   the source  of  the packet is identified. Area ID:   The  area of packet is identified. All OSPF packets  are  linked with  a single  area. Checksum:  the complete packet contents are checked  for  any harm suffered  in travel. Authentication type:  the  authentication type is contained. Authentication of  all OSPF protocol exchanges. Configuration of the  authentication type   on per-area basis. Authentication:   authentication  information is contained. Data: encapsulated upper-layer  information is contained. 5. WORKING 5. 1 Distance Vector Routing: The following methods show  the overall working  of  the Distance-Vector Routing: . There is no predefined route i. e. entire route for a particular destination is not known to any router. The port to send out a unicast packet is known by each router on the basis of destination address. Progressively the route is made and there is the formation of the route by the contribution of each router when it receives the packet. The optimal tree is not predefined in DVRP actually. No routers have knowledge for making an optimal tree. Slowly and gradually the tree is made. The tree is formed as soon as a router receives a packet; it is forwarded by router through some of the ports, on the basis of source address. Other down-stream routers make the rest of the tree. The formation of the loops must be prevented by this protocol. Duplications are also prevented in order to make the entire network receive only one copy. In addition to this, the shortest path from source to the destination is the path travelled by a copy. Inconsistencies occurring with Distance-Vector Routing: Incorrect routing entries are caused by slow  inter-network convergence which may bring inconsistencies maintaining routing information. .  The following example describes how  inconsistencies occur  in Distance-Vector routing: The entire figure describes the inconsistencies occurring with Distance-Vector Routing. Defining  a maximum  to prevent count  to  infinity: . With this  approach,  the routing table update loop is permitted by routing protocol until  the metric exceeds its maximum  allowed value. Fig: Defining  a maximum  to prevent count  to  infinity 6 hops are defined as the maximum  allowed value. When  the metric value exceeds 16 hops, we cannot reach network 10. 4. 0. 0 Routing Loops  in Distance-Vector Routing: A routing loop is said to be occurred if two or more routers have  false routing  information  representing that  a applicable path  to  an unapproachable d estination exists via other routers. Fig: Routing Loop Solutions  to eliminate routing loops Split horizon:  The information is not sent in the direction from where original information comes. The split horizon function is illustrated by the following figure Fig: Split Horizon Route Poisoning:  Routing loops are eliminated. The following figure provides  an example  of Route Poisoning: Fig: Route Poisoning In  addition  to split horizon, route poisoning  and holddown timers, poison reverse, holddown timers  and triggered updates  are other methods  to eliminate routing loops. 5. 2 Link-State Routing: The following methods show  the overall working  of Link-State Routing. Gathering of the neighbor  information continuously. Router answering to this protocol are broadcasted the list of neighbor  information, process known  as flooding. Soon, this  information is distributed to all routers on  the network. Flooding of the neighbor  information in case  of  a (routing-significant) change  in  the network. The best path can be calculated to any host on any destination network as everything  about  the network is known by every router. 6. ADVANTAGES  AND DISADVANTAGES Distance-Vector Routing Advantages  of Distance-Vector Routing: †¢ simple  and flat network †¢ No special hierarchical design is required. †¢ Implementation of hub-and-spoke networks †¢ No concern for worst-case convergence times  in  a network †¢ less memory  and processing power usage Disadvantages  of Distance-Vector Routing: †¢ Incorrect routing entries create inconsistencies in maintaining  the routing  information †¢ Rise of a condition count  to  infinity †¢ Occurrence of a routing loop †¢ Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) or super netting is not supported †¢ multi-vendor routing environment is not supported Link-State Routing Advantages  of Link-State Routing: †¢ Paths are chosen via network by the use of cost metrics †¢ changes  in  the network  topology are reported to  all routers  in  the network quickly †¢   fast convergence times †¢ No occurrence of routing loops routing decisions are based on the most recent set  of  information †¢ Link-State protocols use cost metrics  to choose paths though  the network. The cost metric reflects  the capacity  of  the links on those paths. Disadvantages  of Link-State Routing: †¢ Topology database,  an  adjacency database,  and  a  forwarding database is required. †¢ a significant  amount  of memory  is required in large or complex networks †¢ significant  amount  of CPU power usage †¢ need of a strict hierarchical network design to reduce significant  amount  of CPU power usage †¢ network capability or performance is low to transport data . APPLICATION  AREAS Distance-Vector Routing: †¢ used in mobile, wireless and hoc networks (MANETs) †¢ used for mobile  ad hoc routing (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing) . Link-State Routing: †¢ used  in larger, more complicated networks †¢ Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) designed for mobile, wireless and hoc networks 8. COMPARING DISTANCE-VECTOR  AND LINK-STATE ROUTING STRATEGIES †¢ Mostly, best path is determined by Distance Vector protocols, while bandwidth, delay, reliability  and load are considered to make routing decision by Link-State protocols Distance Vector protocols are simple and efficient where as Link-State protocols are flexible and sophisticated †¢ Routing  information Protocol (RIP v1  and v2)  and  interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP developed by Cisco) are Distance Vector protocols where as OSPF, EIGRP, Novell's NLSP (NetWare Link State Protocol) are Link-State protocols †¢ Notion of a distance is not required in Distance Vector routing where as Link-State routing is based on minimizing some notion of distance †¢ Uniform policies are not required at all routers in Distance Vector routing but uniform policy is required in Link-State routing Router have little knowledge about network topology in Distance Vector routing where as routing domain has excessive knowledge about topology information in Link-State routing 9. CONCLUSION Introduction, working, use, advantages and disadvantages of Distance-Vector  and Link-State routing  are explained  in this project. Bellman  ford  and Dijkstr a’s  algorithm are also discussed. This project describes the popularity of Distance-Vector  and Link-State routing  because of their complex, sophisticated, flexible features in recent computer networking field..

Free Essays on The Canterbury Tales

The Wife of Bath’s Reflexive Contradiction for Sexual Equality in the Canterbury Tales The Wife of Bath has been described and depicted as an independent proto-feminist who long ago led the charge for sexual equality. Chaucer’s visionary protagonist was a refreshing and modern look at women’s rights in the fifteenth century. She spends much of her prologue breaking down stereotypical barriers that have confined women of her time to passive and subservient roles in her society. As a result, her prologue, if standing alone, can be noted as one of the great calls for female independence in historical literature. But upon viewing her works as a whole, her section of the General Prologue, her prologue and her tale, it is well noted that she strikingly contradicts her own call for equality with her story of the knight and the hag. She builds her case so strongly and defiantly in her prologue, yet subsequently demolishes her argument in her following tale. By allowing the hag to compromise her position, rewarding the knight for his chauvinist deeds and co untering her own stance with several questionable details, the Wife of Bath contradicts her position for sexual equality and retards the momentum she had built in her preceding works. After the hag has put the knight in a position where she could take advantage and follow the Wife of Bath’s principles, she not only passes up on the chance to treach the knight a lesson, but actually entreats his disturbing persona. To procure their first encounter the hag (and this can be rightly assumed by her mysterious and later magical nature) attracts the knight the only way he could be lured. She supernaturally displays twenty-four dancing women to which, â€Å"he drew ful yerne. (999)† This quick advancement upon the women by the knight can be derived as the hag controlling him by taking advantage of his carnal desires, already displayed by his Neanderthalic raping of the maiden in th... Free Essays on The Canterbury Tales Free Essays on The Canterbury Tales The Wife of Bath’s Reflexive Contradiction for Sexual Equality in the Canterbury Tales The Wife of Bath has been described and depicted as an independent proto-feminist who long ago led the charge for sexual equality. Chaucer’s visionary protagonist was a refreshing and modern look at women’s rights in the fifteenth century. She spends much of her prologue breaking down stereotypical barriers that have confined women of her time to passive and subservient roles in her society. As a result, her prologue, if standing alone, can be noted as one of the great calls for female independence in historical literature. But upon viewing her works as a whole, her section of the General Prologue, her prologue and her tale, it is well noted that she strikingly contradicts her own call for equality with her story of the knight and the hag. She builds her case so strongly and defiantly in her prologue, yet subsequently demolishes her argument in her following tale. By allowing the hag to compromise her position, rewarding the knight for his chauvinist deeds and co untering her own stance with several questionable details, the Wife of Bath contradicts her position for sexual equality and retards the momentum she had built in her preceding works. After the hag has put the knight in a position where she could take advantage and follow the Wife of Bath’s principles, she not only passes up on the chance to treach the knight a lesson, but actually entreats his disturbing persona. To procure their first encounter the hag (and this can be rightly assumed by her mysterious and later magical nature) attracts the knight the only way he could be lured. She supernaturally displays twenty-four dancing women to which, â€Å"he drew ful yerne. (999)† This quick advancement upon the women by the knight can be derived as the hag controlling him by taking advantage of his carnal desires, already displayed by his Neanderthalic raping of the maiden in th... Free Essays on The Canterbury Tales In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, participants of a pilgrimage to Canterbury tell tales to entertain each other, revealing many aspects of medieval society. Through the double narration it can be seen that the narrator of the Prologue is Chaucer but this pilgrim Chaucer is not the author Chaucer. The pilgrim never describes his own career or social standing, but upon examination, he proves to be a corrupt individual of the upper class. The tales are not simply a story or a poem, it is an individual speaking about his observations- an oral performance. In the tales that follow, Chaucher (the pilgrim) will impersonate the others, â€Å"The wordes mote be cosin to the dede- (Line 742)† so his words must match the action he sees. It becomes a double narration, where Chaucer creates this pilgrim who tells the story of a great pilgrimage to Canterbury. There is no longer a creator of the poem, simply a speaker, a character who has his own characteristics and repeats what he sees. Despite its subtly, these traits expose the pilgrim Chaucer. Each of the stories in The Canterbury Tales are to be told with the utmost accuracy, suggesting Chaucer’s literacy. â€Å"Whoso shal telle a tale after a man, He moot reherce as ny as evere he can Everish a word, if it be in his charge, Al speke he never so rudeliche and large; Or elles he moot telle his tale untrewe, Or feyne thing, or finde wordes newe.† (Lines 731-736) Chaucer tells us that to repeat another man’s tale, one must rehearse it as it is told, every single word, no matter how roughly or broadly he speaks because otherwise the tale will be untrue, filled with invented words. With 30 pilgrims telling two tales each on their passage to Canterbury and two tales each on the return home, that totals to over a hundred tales. To recite these tales exactly as they were told is a near impossible promise- to fulfill it he must be writing notes of some sort, proving him to... Free Essays on The Canterbury Tales When four knights murdered Thomas a Becket under King Henry’s orders in the cathedral, many people began to believe that the clergymen were crooked. Chaucer, author of The Canterbury Tales, represents these sentiments that the medieval church is a corrupt institution that produces corrupt and untraditional individuals. Chaucer puts these feelings on display in the prologue as he mocks and satirizes the clergy members, which include the Nun, the Monk, and the Friar. The first character that Chaucer satirizes is the Nun. The Nun is described as a tender-hearted, pleasant woman, who is well-mannered. At the dinner table, she refuses to let a morsel fall off her lip and often weeps if she sees a mouse caught in a trap. On top of ridiculing these extreme actions, Chaucer states that the Nun wears â€Å"a set of beads, the gaudies tricked in green,† thus showing her fashionable ways. However, the Nun proves to be the anti-thesis of what a nun should be since being both fashionable and a nun is incongruous. The Monk, on the other hand, is described as a â€Å"manly man† as well as a â€Å"fat and personable priest.† The Monk enjoys the sports of hunting and riding horses, thus showing his masculine and fancy side. However, a typical monk in the middle ages dedicated his time to copying manuscripts in the monastery and rarely spent time doing outdoor activities. Unlike a traditional monk, this one is robust and ignores the vows that he has taken. The Friar also defies the traditional clergymen expectations as he proves to be resolutely immoral. At first, the Friar is described as â€Å"a wanton one and merry,† who is â€Å"glib with gallant phrase and well-turned speech.† However, the Friar, who is supposed to hear confessions, sells pardons for sin for a price, seduces women who ask for forgiveness and spends more time in the bar than helping the poor. Instead of being holy and trustworthy, he is portrayed by Chaucer as a greedy and flirtat...

Counting and Accounting

Counting and Accounting Counting and Accounting Counting and Accounting By Mark Nichol This post lists and describes words deriving from the Latin verb computare, meaning â€Å"sum up,† that, unlike computer and the like, do not closely follow the original spelling. Count derives its diversion from the spelling of computare from its journey to English through Old French, which spelled the verb conter. To count is to add up (â€Å"Count the money†), consider (â€Å"Count yourself lucky you didn’t get hurt†), or record (â€Å"Count me in†). It also means â€Å"depend on,† â€Å"deserve to be considered,† or â€Å"have significance.† A count is a sum, while someone who adds numbers, or a coinlike object used to keep track of numbers, is a counter. (â€Å"Bean counter,† from the notion of using beans for this purpose, is a slightly derogatory term for someone who monitors finances.) That word also described a table at which a moneylender did business and, by extension, came to refer to any similar raised structure in a place of business and, later, in any building, including a house. (Countertop refers to the surface of the counter itself.) Counting is the act of adding up numbers or of marking a sequence of numerals from smaller to larger; however, as a verb, the word pertains to relying on someone or something, as in â€Å"I was counting on you to be there.† The largely obsolete term countinghouse refers to a place used for doing and keeping track of business. â€Å"Counting frame† and â€Å"counting rail† are synonyms for abacus, describing a device using beads strung on wires as an analog calculator. A counting glass, meanwhile, is a magnifying glass used to count threads per inch in fabrics. Count also, in a legal sense, came to pertain to the charges in an indictment for crimes, and in athletics, it describes the ten-second period a fallen boxer is given to resume standing (hence the expression â€Å"down for the count†) and the number of strikes and balls a baseball batter is allowed. (A full count is when the batter has used up the allotted two strikes and three balls, after which the player must hit the ball, or walks to first base on the fourth ball thrown, or is struck out.) The terms of nobility count and countess (and viscount and viscountess) are not related; they derive from the Latin term comitem, meaning â€Å"companion.† Nor is country, which stems from the Latin adjective contra, meaning â€Å"against.† This is also the source of the prefix counter-, seen in words such as counteract, counterfeit, and counterpart. Similarly, countenance is not related; it comes from the Latin verb continere, meaning â€Å"hold together.† Something that can be counted is countable, and the antonym is uncountable. These terms, in reference to words, describe plural nouns that, respectively, do or do not refer to groups of things that can be added up. (For example, cars is a countable noun; but traffic is not.) Countless means â€Å"too numerous to be counted†; unlike its synonym infinite, it has no direct antonym. A countdown is a calling out of numbers, usually from ten to zero or from three to â€Å"go,† to mark the time before something occurs, such as a spacecraft launch or the beginning of a race. A discount is a reduction in price, and to discount is to reduce in price, though the verb also refers to diminishing the significance of a statement. A miscount is an erroneous calculation, and a recount is a calculation that is repeated to confirm that the original calculation is correct; recount also means â€Å"describe an occurrence.† To account is to add up, and an account is an adding up or a description of an incident. Formally, the word describes a record or a statement, or an arrangement with an advertising, banking, or credit business (or an organization that provides internet or email access) or the client or customer with whom a company has such an arrangement. Account also refers to value or esteem, as in â€Å"That’s not of any account to me† (also seen in the informal term â€Å"no-account,† referring to a worthless person), to advantage, as in â€Å"She used her skills to good account,† and to consideration, as in â€Å"I’ll have to take that into account†; it also applies to keeping track of something. The verb account means â€Å"analyze† or â€Å"consider† or refers to justifying, being a significant factor, or causing something. Accounting is the practice or profession of monitoring finances, and one who does so as a career is an accountant; accountability has the more general definition of â€Å"the quality of being able to answer for one’s responsibilities†; the adjective is accountable. The antonym of that word, unaccountable, has two senses- not only â€Å"unresponsible† but also â€Å"inexplicable† or â€Å"strange.† A perhaps unexpected member of the computare family is raconteur, adopted from the same French word and meaning â€Å"teller of anecdotes.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Grammar Mistakes You Should Avoid"Wracking" or "Racking" Your Brain?Plurals of Proper Names

Third World Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Third World Countries - Essay Example Accordingly, underdevelopment emerges as a consequences of culture, politics, dependency and colonialisation, although not necessarily in that order. Dependency theorists look towards history for the clarification of the reasons why some countries have successfully attained economic development while others have displayed a persistent failure to do the same and, are immediately influenced by Wallerstein's world systems theory. The aforementioned may be defined in the following terms (DuPlessis, 1988: 222): "Wallerstein's method, is premised on two linked propositions: first that social change occurs only in social systems and second, that the social system appropriate as an object of analysis is a world system Hence, his concern is with the evolution of structures of the whole system,' understood as entirely distinct from its component parts, rather than with the histories - even if treated comparatively - of the various regions, nations or people that it includes. A world system, is a real, identifiable, analyzable thing: bounded and substantially self-contained, it consists of a unified economy founded on a well-developed division of labor yet incorporating a multiplicity of cultures." As may be deduced from the above quote, the World Systems Theory (WST) defines the global political economy as a single whole, but comprised of numerous distinct categories. The first category is the core, who "benefited the most from the capitalist world economy," because they were the colonial powers and motivated colonialism in order to expand both their economic and political influence over the globe, using their strong military forces to do so ("Modern History Sourcebook", n.d.: n.p.). The second category, the Periphery, can be defined as the exploited and the oppressed compared to the exploiter and oppressor status of the core. As Lachman (1988) argues, the periphery countries did not have the strong and stable political systems which the core did, also lacking the military force which the core had. Consequently, this left them vulnerable to forced political and economic exploitation. Even with the demise of colonialism, the systems theory remains very active for two reasons. The first is that the economic effects of imperialism are long-term. This historical era gave the North or the core, a tremendous head start over the South in terms of development, even culminating in the regression of the economies of the South and limiting their potential for development. As stated in the "Modern History Sourcebook," according to Wallerstein's systems theory, "an analysis of the history of the capitalist world system shows that it has brought about a skewed development in which the economic and social disparities between sections of the world economy have increased rather than provided prosperity for all." The second is that colonialism was ultimately followed by neo-colonialism, whereby the multinational corporate representatives of the core continued the drainage of the south's resources and its transference to the North (Li, 2000). As per the presented argument, representing the stand of the dependency theorists on the question of the South's continued underdevelopment, underdevelopment is rooted in historical circumstances which effectively ensured the impoverishment of the South and its

UKs Policy on Training and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

UKs Policy on Training and Development - Essay Example This is a very important feature of the UK government policy on training on development. UK â€Å"will progressively introduce a new loan facility , which will remove grant funding from the 2013/14 academic year, providing the capacity to sustain learner participation with government-backed fee loans for individuals aged 24 or over studying at qualifications at level 3 and above† (BIS 2010a, p. 4). BIS (2010a, p. 4) elaborated â€Å"there will be no up-front costs and the repayments made on an income-contingent basis.† In addition, â€Å"the government has made available  £129m in 2013-14 and  £398m in 2014-15 for these fee loans† (BIS 2010a, p. 4). The BIS claims, however, that while public investment will be reduced, the UK government will â€Å"free the sector from top-down targets and direction to enable a truly demand-led system to develop† (2010a, p. 4). Government will seek â€Å"greater contributions from individuals and employers who benefit most and can afford to pay† (BIS 2010a, p. 4). For 2011-12, â€Å"the total Teaching and Learning budget will be  £3.1bn, of which  £605m will be earmarked for adult apprenticeships† (BIS 2010a, p. 4). However, spending on adult apprenticeships and, relative to the previous government, â€Å"will increase by up to  £250m by the end of the SR period† (BIS 2010a, p. 4). Informal adult and community learning will be retained although they will be â€Å"reformed† (BIS 2010a, p. 4). There will also be â€Å"progression routes for those looking for a way into formal learning† (BIS 2010a, p. 4). Importantly, â€Å"there will also be help for those who are unemployed on active benefits† (BIS 2010a, p. 5). ... 4). There will also be â€Å"progression routes for those looking for a way into formal learning† (BIS 2010a, p. 4). Importantly, â€Å"there will also be help for those who are unemployed on active benefits† (BIS 2010a, p. 5). The UK government policy on training and development comes with â€Å"fundamental policy changes† (BIS 2010a, p. 5). The â€Å"Train to Gain† will be abolished (BIS 2010a, p. 5). â€Å"Funding for workplace training on SMEs will be prioritized† (BIS 2010a, p. 5). Government will more conduct consultations for other changes (BIS 2010a, p. 5). BIS (2010a, p. 5) pointed out that government will reduce bureaucracy by training providers and simplify the further education and skills landscape by abolishing central targets. For example, the BIS (2010b) document localized targets and programs for England based on BIS (2010a). The BIS (2010a, p. 5) said â€Å"colleges and training organisations will be more publicly accountable to le arners, employers, and their communities.† This portion of the UK government program â€Å"will be supported by the introduction of lifelong learning accounts and by the new All Age Careers Service.† As per the claim of the BIS, the UK government training and development policy is founded on three principles (BIS 2010a, p. 1): fairness, shared responsibility, and greater freedom. According to BIS (2010, p. 1), the first principle justifies the â€Å"special attention to young people and those with basic literacy and numeracy skills.† In the second principle, citizens will be called upon to â€Å"take greater responsibility for ensuring their own skills are met† (BIS 2010a, p. 1). Lastly, the principle of â€Å"greater freedom† means â€Å"trusting people to do their job† and the â€Å"primary